Ishan Ayurvedic Medical College & Research Centre
Department of Shalya Tantra syllabus

Shalya Tantra Syllabus – BAMS Third Professional

NCISM curriculum for Shalya Tantra (General Surgery) — paper-wise topics with teaching hours, practicals, assessment pattern and reference books.

Professional Year
III BAMS (Third Professional)
NCISM Subject Code
AyUG-ST
Theory Papers
2
Teaching Hours
375 Hours
Total Marks
400 Marks
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About the Shalya Tantra Syllabus

Department of Shalya Tantra covers Shalya Tantra (AyUG-ST) in the Third Professional year of BAMS (Ayurvedacharya). The syllabus below follows the curriculum prescribed by the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM): the topic list of every paper with its teaching hours, followed by practicals, the assessment pattern and reference books.

Shalya Tantra (General Surgery)

Shalya Tantra, the ancient Indian science of surgery, holds a distinguished place in Ayurveda due to its rich tradition of surgical excellence and innovation. Rooted in classical texts like Sushruta Samhita, this discipline emphasizes both fundamental principles and evolving surgical advancements. The undergraduate curriculum in Shalya Tantra is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of surgical interventions, integrating traditional Ayurvedic techniques with contemporary surgical practices.
From the preface of the NCISM AyUG-ST curriculum
SubjectShalya Tantra (General Surgery)
NCISM subject codeAyUG-ST
Professional yearIII BAMS (Third Professional)
Theory papers2 (200 marks)
Teaching hours375 hours (Lecture 125, Non-lecture theory 58, Non-lecture practical 192)
Total marks400 (Theory 200 + Practical/clinical assessment 200)
ApplicabilityApplicable from 2021-22 batch, from the academic year 2024-25 onwards for 5 batches or until further notification by NCISM, whichever is earlier
SourceNCISM curriculum document (258 pages)

Papers in Shalya Tantra

PaperTopicsLecture Hours
Paper I – Fundamentals of Shalya Tantra2660
Paper II – Shalya Tantra Chikitsa Siddhanta2865

Shalya Tantra Paper I – Fundamentals of Shalya Tantra Syllabus

Paper I – Fundamentals of Shalya Tantra of Shalya Tantra (AyUG-ST) has 26 topics with 60 lecture hours as listed in Table 2 of the NCISM curriculum (PDF page 6).

LH – lecture hours; NLHT – non-lecture hours (theory); NLHP – non-lecture hours (practical).

1.Introduction to Shalya Tantra (Introduction to development of surgery)

Term ILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Definition of Shalya, Shalya Tantra and its Importance
  • Chronological development of surgery from ancient to present era
  • General scheme of surgical case taking
  • Special signs and symptoms pertaining to surgery

2.Yantra and Shastra (Blunt and sharp instruments)

Term ILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Yantra - Nirukti, Prakara, Guna, Prayog, Dosha, Karma, Upayantra and Relevant modern instruments
  • Shastra - Nirukti, Prakara, Guna, Prayog, Dosha, Karma, Anushastra and Relevant modern instruments
  • Demonstration (Comparison and classification with modern instruments)

3.Nirjantukarana (Sterilization)

Term ILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Sterilization – Methods and Types
  • Knowledge about Vranitagara
  • Aseptic techniques, Sterilization and Disinfection of Surgical instruments, OT sterilization
  • Hands on training - Hand washing techniques, Donning of Gloves and Gown

4.Sangyaharana (Anaesthesia)

Term ILH 2NLHT 2NLHP 4
  • Sthaniya Sangyaharana (Local anaesthesia)
  • Medicines, Techniques, Indications, Contraindications, Complications and Management
  • Kshetriya and Samanya Sangyaharana (Regional and General anaesthesia) -Medicines, Techniques, Indications, Contraindications, Complications and Management
  • Principles of preoperative assessment
  • Demonstration/Hands on Training - CPR
  • Demonstration/Hands on Training-maintenance of an airway / endotracheal intubation in a mannequin
  • Principles of safe General Surgery and Surgical Ethics

5.Trividha Karma (Pre, Operative and Post Operative care)

Term ILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 2
  • Trividha Karma – Purva Karma (in relation to instruments, patient and procedure), Pradhana Karma – Ashtavidha Shastra Karma (Surgical/Parasurgical procedures), Paschat Karma – Post operative care of patient
  • Steps to obtain informed consent for a procedure in a patient/simulated environment
  • Observe common surgical procedures and assist in minor surgical procedures; Observe emergency lifesaving surgical procedures

6.Shastra Karma (Operative procedure)

Term ILH 3NLHT 0NLHP 10
  • Ashtavidha Shastra Karma - Nirukti, Yogya, Ayogya, Prakara with modern correlations of Chhedan, Bhedan and Lekhan
  • Ashtavidha Shastra Karma – Nirukti, Yogya, Ayogya, Prakara with modern correlations of Eshana, Aaharan and Visravan
  • Ashtavidha Shastra Karma – Nirukti, Yogya, Ayogya, Prakara with modern correlations of Vedhan and Seevan
  • Hands on training on Prathamopachara.(First Aid)
  • Demonstration of Chhedan (Excision), Bhedan (Incision), Lekhan (Scraping) on patient/simulator
  • Demonstration of Vedhan and Visravan (Paracentesis of Ascitic fluid, Hydrocele-Tapping, Pleural effusion-Thoracocentesis) on the patient/simulator
  • Demonstration of Aharan and Eshan (Extraction and Probing) on the patient/simulator
  • Demonstration of Seevan (Suturing and Knots) and minor surgical procedures on the patient/simulator

7.Yogya (Experimental Surgical Training)

Term ILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 8
  • Importance of Simulation-based teaching in surgical practice (Yogya Vidhi)
  • Perform Basic Surgical Skills - Hands on training on Simulators with relevant modern techniques
  • IV canulation, IM/IV/Subcutaneous/Intradermal Injection
  • Ryle’s tube and Drains insertion
  • Urinary catheterization

8.Marma (Vital points)

Term ILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Marma – Nirukti, Prakara and Individual Marma Viddha Lakshanas
  • Marmaghata Chikitsa and its surgical importance
  • Marma identification and manipulation techniques in musculoskeletal disorders (Avabahuka-Frozen shoulder, Snayugata Vata-Tennis Elbow, Gridhrasi-Sciatica, Cervical Spondylosis, etc.) and Sports Injuries

9.Kshara Karma

Term ILH 2NLHT 2NLHP 4
  • Kshara and Kshara Karma - Nirukti, Pradhanata, Guna, Dosha, Karma, Prakara, Yogya, Ayogya, Vidhi, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Clinical application of Kshara Sutra, Pratisaraneeya Kshara, Kshara Taila, Kshara Varti and Ksharodaka in different surgical conditions
  • Video demonstration of Kshara, Kshara Sutra – Preparation and Method of application
  • Demonstration of handling of patient with Kshara Sutra changing
  • Demonstration and hands on training of Ksharodaka, Kshara Taila, Kshara Varti, Kshara Pichu in Dushtavrana
  • Demonstration and hands on training of Kshara Karma in Anorectal disorders. (Arsha, Bhagandara, Nadivrana etc.)

10.Agnikarma

Term ILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 4
  • Agnikarma - Mahatva, Upakarana, Vidhi, Akrutibheda, Yogya, Ayogya and Upadrava Chikitsa
  • Dhumopahat & Ushna Vatatap Dagdha Lakshan and Chikitsa. Contemporary techniques and tools of Agnikarma
  • Hands on experience of Agnikarma in the Pain management of any one disease (Gridhrasi, Avabahuka etc.)
  • Hands on experience of Agnikarma as disease modifying management of any one surgical disease (Arsha, Charmakeel etc.)

11.Raktamokshana

Term ILH 3NLHT 0NLHP 6
  • Raktamokshana - Mahatva, Prakara. Siravedha - Yogya, Ayogya, Vidhi, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Pracchanna, Shringa, Alabu - Yogya, Ayogya, Vidhi, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Jaloukavacharana – Yogya, Ayogya, Vidhi, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Hands on experience of Siravedha as disease modifying management of any one surgical disease (Grudhrasi, Uttan Vatarakta etc.)
  • Hands on experience of Alabu as disease modifying management of any one surgical disease (Katigraha, Manya Graha etc.)
  • Hands on experience of Jaloukavacharana (Leech Therapy) as disease modifying management of any one surgical disease (Vidradhi, Dushtavrana, Koth etc.)

12.Bandha Vidhi

Term ILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Bandha Vidhi – Prayojana, Dravya (Pichu, Plota, Kavalika and Vikeshika), Yogya, Ayogya, Prakara and Upadrava
  • Hands on training on Simulator with relevant modern techniques of Bandaging
  • Brief knowledge of Splints (Ayurveda and Modern)
  • Transportation of injured patient (Double Human Crutch, Fireman’s Lift, Two-handed seat etc.) and recovery position

13.Pranashta Shalya

Term ILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Pranashta Shalya and Nirharana Upaya (Identification and Principles of management)
  • Heimlich Maneuver- Hands on training (Choking)

14.Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance and Nutrition in surgical practice

Term ILH 3NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Introduction to Physiology of Fluids and Electrolytes
  • Dehydration and Over hydration
  • Specific electrolyte loss, Acidosis, Alkalosis, Symptomatology and Management
  • Parenteral Nutrition
  • Calculations and Selections of fluids in various conditions like Dehydration, Shock, Burns etc.
  • Acid Base Balance in various conditions like perforation, vomiting etc.

15.Rakta

Term ILH 2NLHT 2NLHP 0
  • Rakta Mahatva and Rakta - Chaturtha Dosha
  • Raktasrava - Prakara and Lakshana. Haemorrhage and its management
  • Raktastambhana - Haemostasis
  • Raktadhan (Blood Transfusion) - Blood groups, Compatibility, Indications, Contraindications and Complications with Management. Component Therapy

16.Life Saving and Emergency Medicines in surgical practice (Prana Rakshaka and Atyayika Dravya)

Term ILH 3NLHT 0NLHP 0
  • Jeevanurodhak Dravya (Antibiotics)- Classification, Indications, Contraindications and Dose
  • Vedanaprashamana and Shothaprashamana Dravya (Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs) - Classification, Indications, Contraindications and Dose
  • Atyayik Dravya (Emergency Drugs) -Atropine, Adrenaline, Dopamine Mephentine Hydrochloride, Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Antiemetic drugs - Indications, Contraindications and Dose in surgical practice

17.Naidanik Vidhi (Diagnostic techniques)

Term ILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 6
  • Chhaya Vikiran (X-Ray), Avayava Pariksha (Ultrasonography, CAT Scan, MRI) – Principles, Method, Indications and Contraindications
  • Kosha Pariksha (Biopsy/Cytological study)
  • Principles, Method, Indications and Contraindications
  • Chhaya Vikiran (X-rays) of Chest, Abdomen, Urology and Musculoskeletal diseases. (Interpretation)
  • Demonstration of CT, MRI of Chest, Abdomen, Urology, Bones and Joints
  • Different types of Biopsy. (Hands-on training)

18.Shat Kriyakala in surgical practice

Term IILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Shat Kriyakala in surgical practice
  • Shat Kriyakala of Arsha, Bhagandara with a special focus on infective pathology, e.g., Unduka Pucha Shotha (Appendicitis), Pittashaya Shotha (Cholecystitis) etc.

19.Samanya Vyadhi Parichaya

Term IILH 6NLHT 3NLHP 6
  • Vranashotha (Inflammation) - Nirukti, Nidana, Samprapti, Prakara, Lakshana, Sadhya-Asadhyata, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Vidradhi (Abscess) and Pidika (Boils) -Nidana, Samprapti, Prakara, Lakshana, Sadhya-Asadhyata, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Pramada Dagdha/Dagdha Vrana (Burn) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Assessment of Burn, Complications and Management of Burn
  • Marmaghata (Shock) - Definition, Classification, Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management of Hypovolaemic, Traumatic and Neurogenic Shock
  • Cardiogenic & Septic Shock and Crush syndrome - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Kotha (Gangrene) – Etiopathogenesis, Types, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Granthi (Dermoid Cyst and Sebaceous Cyst) - Nidana, Prakara, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa
  • Arbuda - Nidana, Prakara, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa
  • Tumour - Definition, Classification, Clinical features, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Granthi (lump or swelling)
  • Emergency management in different types of Shock (Case presentation/PBL/Roleplay)
  • Assessment and documentation of Pramada Dagdha (Burn case)

20.Vrana

Term IILH 7NLHT 2NLHP 6
  • Vrana – Nirukti, Prakara, Nidana, Samprapti, Vrana Vastu, Prakara, Lakshana, Vrana Pariksha and Vrana Sadhya-Asadhyata
  • Vrana Avastha - Dustavrana, Shuddha Vrana, Ruhyamana Vrana, Samyak Roodha Vrana, Pathya-Apathya and Vrana Upadrava
  • Vrana Chikitsa – Shashti Upakrama – first 21 Upakramas
  • Shashti Upakrama – 22 to 40 Upakramas
  • Shashti Upakrama – 41 to 60 Upakramas except Ashtavidha Shastra Karma
  • Ulcer – Definition, Types, Wound healing stages and Management
  • Prameha Pidaka - Diabetic carbuncle and wounds
  • Sadhyo Vrana (Traumatic wounds) – Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Examination of an Ulcer
  • Examination of the Peripheral nerve lesions
  • Surgical site infection
  • Demonstration of wound dressings

21.Kshudra Roga

Term IILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Kshudra Roga - Clinical features
  • Kshudra Roga - Management
  • Examination of the Hand

22.Manya Vikara

Term IILH 3NLHT 3NLHP 6
  • Galaganda, Gandamala, Apachi - Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa
  • Pashanagardabha (Parotitis) – Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Thyroid gland - Surgical anatomy and Physiology
  • Galaganda (Goitre)- Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Toxic Goitre, Thyroiditis - Clinical features and Management
  • Neoplasms of Thyroid - Clinical features and Management
  • Examination of Thyroid gland
  • Examination of the Gala (Neck)
  • Examination of a Lymphatic system

23.Sira Vikara (Venous Disorders)

Term IILH 3NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Surgical Anatomy and Pathology
  • Superficial and Deep Venous Thrombosis-Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Sira Granthi (Varicose veins) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Clinical examination of Sira Granthi (Varicose veins)
  • Clinical examination of Siraja Vrana (Venous Ulcers)
  • Examination and differential diagnosis of unilateral and bilateral Lower Limb Oedema

24.Dhamani Vikara (Arterial disorders)

Term IILH 3NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Dhamani Granthi (Aneurysm) – Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Buerger’s Disease - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Raynaud’s Disease - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of the Dhamani Vikara (Arterial disorders)

25.Snayu Vikara (Diseases of tendons and ligaments)

Term IILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 4
  • Snayu Shotha (Tendonitis), Pratan Shotha (Tenosynovitis), Pratan Granthi (Ganglion), Dupuytren’s Contracture
  • Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations and Management
  • Amputation – Definition, Classification, Indications, Contraindications and Complications
  • Techniques of Amputation With examples of individual amputation – Video Demonstration/Hands-on training on simulator
  • Examination of Diseases of Snayu Vikara (Diseases of tendons and ligaments)

26.AIDS - HIV and Hepatitis (B and C)

Term IILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management
  • Demonstration of safety precautions and care needs to be taken in the infected patients

Shalya Tantra Paper II – Shalya Tantra Chikitsa Siddhanta Syllabus

Paper II – Shalya Tantra Chikitsa Siddhanta of Shalya Tantra (AyUG-ST) has 28 topics with 65 lecture hours as listed in Table 2 of the NCISM curriculum (PDF page 14).

LH – lecture hours; NLHT – non-lecture hours (theory); NLHP – non-lecture hours (practical).

27.Bhagna (Skeletal Injuries)

Term IILH 3NLHT 5NLHP 8
  • Asthi Bhagna/Kanda Bhagna (Fracture) -Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Ansaphalaka Bhagna (Scapula Fracture), Akshakasthi Bhagna (Clavicle Fracture) -Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Pragandasthi Bhagna (Humerus Fracture), Bahiprakoshthasthi Bhagna (Radius Fracture), Antaprakoshthasthi Bhagna (Ulna Fracture) - Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Urvasthi Bhagna (Femur Fracture), Janwasthi Bhagna (Patella), Antar Janghasthi and Bahir Janghasthi Bhagna (Tibia and Fibula Fracture) - Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Sroni Bhagna (Fracture of the Pelvis) -Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Sandimoksha (Dislocation) - Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Ansa Sandhimoksha (Shoulder joint Dislocation), Kurpara Sandhimoksha (Elbow joint Dislocation) - Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Vankshana Sandhimoksha (Hip joint Dislocation) - Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of the Asthi Abhighata (Bone Injuries)
  • Examination of Sandhi Abhighata (Joint Injuries)
  • Hands on training - Immobilisation, Traction - skin and skeletal
  • Hand on training - First Aid in cases of Bhagna and Sandimoksha (Fracture and Dislocation)

28.Asthi Sandhi Vikara (Diseases of Bone and Joints)

Term IILH 2NLHT 2NLHP 6
  • Asthi Vidradhi (Osteomyelitis) -Aetiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Asthi Granthi and Arbuda (Bone Cysts and Tumours) - Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Asthi Kshaya (Bone Tuberculosis) -Aetiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Asthi Shosha (Osteoporosis), Paget’s Disease - Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Examination of the Diseases of Bone
  • Examination of Pathological Joints

29.Shirobhighata (Cranio-cerebral Injurie/Disorders)

Term IILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 2
  • Shirobhighata (Scalp injury and Skull fracture) – Clinical features and Management
  • Mastulunga Abhighata (Brain injury) -Cerebral Concussion, Contusion and Laceration. Haemorrhage - Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Mastishka Arbuda (Benigh and Malignant tumours of Brain) – Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Examination of Shirobhighata (Craniocerebral Injuries/Disorders)

30.Kasheruka Vikara (Diseases of Spine)

Term IILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Kasheruka Kshaya (Spinal Tuberculosis) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Investigations, Complications and Primary Management
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Investigations, Complications and Primary Management
  • Examination of Kasheruka Abhighata (Spinal Injuries) and Abnormalities
  • Clinical examination of non-traumatic spinal disorders
  • Three stage stabilization with Logroll hands on training

31.Stana Roga (Diseases of Breast)

Term IILH 1NLHT 2NLHP 2
  • Stana Vidradhi (Breast abscess) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Stana Granthi (Fibroadenoma) and Fibroadenosis - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Stana Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Breast) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of the Breast - Patient education for ‘Self Examination of Breast’

32.Urah Vikara (Diseases of Chest)

Term IILH 1NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Urah Abhighata - Chest Injury (Parshukasthi Bhagna - Fracture of Ribs, Pneumothorax, Haemothorax, Stove in Chest, Flail Chest and Surgical Emphysema) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Phupusavarana Shotha (Pleurisy), Phupusavarana Vidradhi (Pleural Abscess), Pleural Effusion, Phupusa Granthi (Cysts of Lung), Phupusa Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Lung) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Examination of Urah Abhigata (Injuries of the Chest)
  • Examination of Urah Vikara (Diseases of the Chest)

33.Anna Nalika Vikara (Diseases of Oesophagus)

Term IILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 2
  • Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies), Anna Nalika Shotha (Oesophagitis) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Anna Nalika Raktasrava (Oesophageal Varices) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Anna Nalika Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Oesophagus) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Dysphagia

34.Gulma Roga

Term IILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 0
  • Gulma Roga - Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa

35.Shoola Vyadhi

Term IILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Shoola - Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Examination of Acute Abdomen

36.Udara Roga

Term IILH 1NLHT 2NLHP 2
  • Udara Roga (Yakritodar, Pleehodar, Chhidrodar, Baddhagudodar) - Nidana, Prakara, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa
  • Jalodara (Ascites) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Peritonitis - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management

37.Aamashaya Evam Adho-Aamashaya Vikara (Diseases of Stomach and Duodenum)

Term IILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 2
  • Annadrava Shoola and Parinama Shoola (Peptic Ulcer) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management.
  • Pyloric stenosis – Clinical Diagnosis and Management
  • Aamashaya Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Stomach) - Clinical Diagnosis and Management
  • Examination of Abdominal Lump

38.Kshudrantra Vikara (Diseases of Small Intestine)

Term IILH 4NLHT 2NLHP 1
  • Kshudrantra Kshaya Janya Vikara (Tuberculosis of Intestine) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Blind Loop Syndrome, Short Bowel Syndrome and Typhoid Enteritis-Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Kshudrantra Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Intestine) - Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Baddhagudodar (Intestinal Obstruction) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Antrantara Pravesha (Intussusception) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Chidrodara (Perforation) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Per Abdominal Examination

39.Brihadantra Vikara (Diseases of Large Intestine)

Term IILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 1
  • Grahani (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Unduka Puchha Shotha (Appendicitis) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Brihadantra Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Colon) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Chronic Abdomen

40.Guda Vikara (Diseases of Rectum and Anal Canal)

Term IIILH 5NLHT 4NLHP 4
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology
  • Gudabhramsha (Prolapse of the rectum) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Guda Vidradhi (Anorectal Abscesses) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Arsha - Nidana, Prakara, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa
  • Haemorrhoids - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Parikartika (Fissure-in-ano) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Guda Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Rectum and Anal Canal) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Shalyaja Nadi Vrana (Pilonidal Sinus), Guda Paka (Proctitis), Guda Kandu (Pruritis Ani) and Guda Abhighata (Injuries of Anorectal Region) – Clinical features and Management
  • Examination of a Nadivrana (Sinus) and Bhagandara (Fistula)
  • Examination of Anorectal Cases

41.Udarabhighata (Abdominal Injuries)

Term IIILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Udarabhighata (Abdominal Injuries) – Clinical features and Management
  • Examination of Udarabhighata (Abdominal Injuries)

42.Yakrit Vikara (Diseases of Liver)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 1NLHP 10
  • Yakrit Abhighata (Liver Injury) - Etiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Emergency management
  • Yakrit Vidradhi (Liver Abscess) and Yakrit Granthi (Cysts of Liver) - Etiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Yakrit Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Liver) - Etiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Classification and Management
  • Demonstration of Surgical anatomy of the Liver, Acute Liver Injury on the patient/simulator
  • Videographic demonstration of diagnosis and evaluation of Surgical Jaundice on the patient/simulator
  • Group Discussion on the case of Yakrit Abhighata (Acute Liver Injury)
  • Practical / Videographic demonstration of Yakritodara (Hepatomegaly) and Yakrit Vidradhi (Liver Abscess) on the patient/simulator
  • Videographic demonstration of Case of Portal Hypertension on the patient/simulator
  • Videographic demonstration of Surgical Management of Portal Hypertension

43.Pittashaya Vikara (Diseases of Gall Bladder)

Term IIILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 8
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology, Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies)
  • Choledochal Cyst and Congenital Biliary Atresia, Pittashaya Ashmari (Cholelithiasis)
  • Etiology, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Pittashaya Shotha (Cholecystitis) and Choledocholithiasis - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Videographic demonstration of Biliary atresia and its complications on patient/simulation
  • Videographic demonstration of MRCP and ERCP on the patient/simulator
  • Demonstration of Pittashaya Shotha (Cholecystitis) on the patient/simulator
  • Class discussion/Case presentation /Video demonstration/Roleplay/Clinical Diagnosis of Hepatobiliary Diseases

44.Agnyashaya Vikara (Diseases of Pancreas)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 1NLHP 6
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology, Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies)
  • Agnyashaya Shotha (Pancreatitis) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Investigations, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Agnyashaya Granthi (Cysts and Pseudocyst of Pancreas) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Agnyashaya Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Pancreas), Insulinoma and Zollinger Ellisson Syndrome - Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Class discussion/Case presentation/Video demonstration/Roleplay of Agnyashaya Abhighata (Pancreatic Injury) and Agnyashaya Shotha (Pancreatitis) on the patient/simulator
  • Presentation/Video demonstration/Roleplay of demonstration of Pseudo Pancreatic cyst on the patient/simulator
  • Class discussion/Case presentation/Video demonstration/Roleplay of demonstration of Agnyashaya Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Pancreas)

45.Pleeha Vikara (Diseases of Spleen)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology, Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies)
  • Pleeha Abhighata (Rupture of Spleen) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Investigations and Management
  • Hypersplenism and Pleeha Vridhi (Splenomegaly) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features and Management
  • Class discussion/Case presentation/Video demonstration/Roleplay for Demonstration of Pleeha Vridhi (Splenomegaly) on the patient/simulator

46.Vrikka Evam Mutravahini Vikara (Diseases of Kidney and Ureters)

Term IIILH 5NLHT 4NLHP 2
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology, Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies)
  • Vrikka Granthi (Polycystic Kidney), Horse shoe Kidney - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Vrikka Evam Mutravahini Vikara Abhighata (Injuries to Kidneys and Ureters)
  • Clinical features and Management
  • Hydronephrosis - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features and Management
  • Pyelonephritis - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features and Management
  • Vrikka Vidradhi (Perinephric Abscess and Renal Abscess) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features and Management
  • Vrikka Ashmari (Renal Calculus) -Etiopathogenesis, Types, Clinical features, Investigations, Complications and Management
  • Mutravahini Ashmari (Ureteric Calculus) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Investigations and Management
  • Vrikka Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of the Kidney) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features and Management
  • Class discussion/Case presentation/ Video demonstration/Roleplay of case of Chronic Kidney Disease

47.Mutrashaya Vikara (Diseases of Urinary bladder)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 2NLHP 4
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology, Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies)
  • Mutrashaya Shotha (Cystitis) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management
  • Mutrashmari (Vesical Calculus) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Investigations and Management
  • Mutrashaya Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Urinary Bladder) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Video demonstration of the process of Cystoscopy, PCNL and ESWL on the patient/simulator
  • Raktamutrata (Haematuria), Mutra Kshaya (Oliguria), Mutra Sankshaya (Anuria), Neurogenic Bladder - Case evaluation/Class presentation/Roleplay/Group discussion
  • Examination of Urinary case

48.Mutraghata and Mutrakrichra

Term IIILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Mutrakrichra (Dysuria) - Nidana, Samprapti, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Mutraghata (Retention of Urine) - Nidana, Samprapti, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Video demonstration of Suprapubic Catheterization

49.Paurusha Granthi Vikara (Diseases of Prostate)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 1NLHP 4
  • Surgical Anatomy and Physiology
  • Paurusha Granthi Shotha (Prostatitis), Paurusha Granthi Vidradhi (Prostatic Abscess) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Mutrashtheela/Vatashtheela (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Paurusha Granthi Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Prostate) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Demonstration of Prostatic Enlargement through Digital rectal examination on the patient/simulator
  • Video demonstration of TURP on the patient/simulator

50.Mutramarga Vikara (Diseases of Urethra)

Term IIILH 2NLHT 1NLHP 0
  • Mutramarga Sahaja Vikara (Congenital Anomalies of Urethra) – Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Mutramarga Shotha (Urethritis) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Mutramarga Abhighata (Injuries to Urethra) and Mutramarga Sankocha (Urethral Stricture) - Clinical features and Management

51.Medhra Vikara (Diseases of Penis)

Term IIILH 3NLHT 2NLHP 2
  • Sahaja Vikara - Congenital Anomalies (Hypospadias, Epispadias and Ectopia Vesicae) - Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Parivartika (Paraphimosis), Avapatika (Preputial Tear) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Niruddha Prakasha (Phimosis) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Medhra Paka (Balanoposthitis) -Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Medhra Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Penis), Peyronie’s Disease and Granuloma Inguinale - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Male External Genitalia

52.Mushka Evum Vrishan Vikara (Diseases of Scrotum and Testis)

Term IIILH 2NLHT 0NLHP 4
  • Vrishan Shotha (Epididymo-orchitis), Vrishan Granthi (Epididymal Cyst), Vrishan Siraja Granthi (Varicocele), Spermatocele, Scrotal Filariasis-Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Avatarita Vrishan (Undescended Testis), Asthanik Vrishan (Ectopic Testis), Vrishan Vivartan (Torsion of Testis), Vrishan Arbuda (Benign and Malignant tumours of Testis) - Etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Investigations, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Mushka (Scrotum) and Vrishan (Testis)
  • Examination of Inguino-Scrotal Swelling

53.Vriddhi Roga

Term IIILH 1NLHT 0NLHP 2
  • Vriddhi Roga - Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana and Chikitsa. Mutravriddhi (Hydrocele)-Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination and Differential Diagnosis of Mutravriddhi (Hydrocele)

54.Antravriddhi (Hernia)

Term IIILH 4NLHT 2NLHP 4
  • Surgical Anatomy of Inguinal Canal. Hernia (In general) - Definition, Etiology, Classification and Diagnosis
  • Antravriddhi (Inguinal Hernia) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Vankshanstha Vriddhi (Femoral Hernia) -Surgical Anatomy of Femoral Canal, Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Epigastric Hernia - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Nabhigata Vriddhi (Umbilical Hernia and Para umbilical Hernia) - Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Shastrotar Vriddhi (Incisional Hernia) -Etiopathogenesis, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications and Management
  • Examination of Antravriddhi (Inguinal Hernia), Nabhigata Vriddhi (Umbilical Hernia) and Shastrotar Vriddhi (Incisional Hernia) on the patient/simulator
  • Video demonstration of Hernia Surgery

Shalya Tantra Practicals and Non-Lecture Activities

List of Practicals

96 practicals are listed in the NCISM curriculum, grouped by the topic they belong to.

Introduction to Shalya Tantra (Introduction to development of surgery)

  • Surgical case taking
  • Special signs and symptoms pertaining to surgery

Yantra and Shastra (Blunt and sharp instruments)

  • Demonstration, Comparison & classification of instruments

Nirjantukarana (Sterilization)

  • Aseptic techniques, sterilization and disinfection of Surgical instruments, OT sterilization
  • Hand washing techniques, Donning of Gloves & Gown

Sangyaharana (Anaesthesia)

  • Demonstration of BLS (Basic life support)
  • Maintenance of an airway / Endotracheal intubation in a mannequin

Trividha Karma (Pre, Operative and Post Operative care)

  • Common minor surgical procedures (Excision of Corn, Cysts, Lipoma, etc)

Shastra Karma (Operative procedure)

  • First aid
  • Demonstartion of Chhedan(Excision), Bhedan(Incision), Lekhan(scraping) on simulator
  • Demonstration of Vedhan & Visravan (Tapping Of abdomen, Hydrocele, ICD) on simulator
  • Demonstration of Aharana and Eshana (extraction and probing)on simulator
  • Demonstration of Seevan(Suturing & Knots) and minor surgical procedures in patient / simulated environment

Yogya (Experimental Surgical Training)

  • Hands-on training-Drains
  • Catheterization-Hands-on training on Simulators
  • IV canulation, IM / IV / Subcutaneous / Intradermal Injection
  • Hands On Training- Ryle's tube Insertion

Marma (Vital points)

  • Marma identification and manipulation techniques in musculoskeletal disorders and Sports injuries

Kshara Karma

  • Application of Ksharodaka, Kshartaila, Ksharvarti, Ksharpichu in Dushtavrana
  • Demonstration and Hands-on training of Kshar karma in Anorectal disorders (Arsha, Bhagandara, Nadivrana)

Agnikarma

  • Hands-on experience with Agnikarma in the pain management of any one disease (Gridhrasi, Avabahuka, etc)
  • Demonstration of Agnikarma in the management of any one surgical disease (Arsha, Charmakeel, etc)

Raktamokshana

  • Siravedha in the management of any one surgical disease (Grudhrasi, Uttan Vatarakta, etc)
  • Alabu (cupping) procedure in the management of any one surgical disease (Kati Graham, Manya Graha, etc)
  • Jaloukavcharana (Leech Therapy) in the management of any one surgical disease (Vidradhi, Dushtavrana, Koth, etc)

Bandha Vidhi

  • Perform training of Bandaging on Simulators with relevant modern techniques
  • Demonstration of the Transportation of injured patients (Double Human Crutch, Fireman’s Lift, Two-handed Seat, etc) & Recovery Position

Pranashta Shalya

  • Heimlich maneuver- Hands-on training (Choking)

Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance and Nutrition in surgical practice

  • Calculations & selections of fluids in various conditions like Dehydration, Shock& Burns
  • Acid Base Balance in various conditions like perforation, vomiting, etc

Naidanik Vidhi (Diagnostic techniques)

  • Demonstration of Chhaya vikiran (X-ray) of Chest, Abdomen, Urology. and Musculoskeletal organs
  • Hands on training of different types of Biopsy
  • Avayava pariksha (CT, MRI) of Chest, abdomen, Urology bones & joints

Shat Kriyakala in surgical practice

  • Surgical intervention according to Shatkriyakala - Special focus on Arsha, Bhagandara, and infective pathology ex.Appendicitis, Cholecystitis, etc.

Samanya Vyadhi Parichaya

  • Examination of Granthi (lump or Swelling)
  • Emergency management in different types of shock
  • Assessment, examination, and documentation of Pramada Dagda (Burn) case

Vrana

  • Examination of an Ulcer
  • Examination of the peripheral nerve lesions
  • Demonstration of wound dressings

Kshudra Roga

  • Examination of the Hand

Manya Vikara

  • Examination of Galaganda (thyroid gland)
  • Examination of the Gala (Neck)
  • Examination of a Lymphatic system

Sira Vikara (Venous Disorders)

  • Examination of Varicose Vein
  • Examination and differential diagnosis of unilateral and bilateral lower limb edema

Dhamani Vikara (Arterial disorders)

  • Examination of the Dhamani Vikara (peripheral vascular diseases)

Snayu Vikara (Diseases of tendons and ligaments)

  • Techniques of Amputation & Complications with examples of individual amputation
  • Examinations of Diseases of Snayu Vikara (Muscle, Ligaments, Tendon and Fascia)

AIDS - HIV and Hepatitis (B and C)

  • Safety Precautions in the patient of HIV and hepatitis infected Hepatitis B and C Patients

Bhagna (Skeletal Injuries)

  • Examination of the Bone and Joint injuries
  • Examination of Injuries about Individual Joints
  • Hands on training on traction (skin and skeletal)
  • First aid management of fracture cases

Asthi Sandhi Vikara (Diseases of Bone and Joints)

  • Demonstrate Examination of the diseases of bone
  • Examination of pathological joints
  • Examination of foot

Shirobhighata (Cranio-cerebral Injurie/Disorders)

  • Examination of Head Injuries (Shirobhighaata)

Kasheruka Vikara (Diseases of Spine)

  • Hands-on training on 3 stages of neck fracture stabilization with logroll
  • Examination of Spinal Injuries and Abnormalities

Stana Roga (Diseases of Breast)

  • Examination of the breast and patient education for ‘self-examination of breast

Urah Vikara (Diseases of Chest)

  • Examination of injuries of the chest (Urah abhigatha)
  • Examination of Diseases of the Chest

Anna Nalika Vikara (Diseases of Oesophagus)

  • Examination of Dysphagia

Shoola Vyadhi

  • Examination of Acute Abdomen

Aamashaya Evam Adho-Aamashaya Vikara (Diseases of Stomach and Duodenum)

  • Examination of Abdominal lump

Kshudrantra Vikara (Diseases of Small Intestine)

  • Per abdominal Clinical Examination

Brihadantra Vikara (Diseases of Large Intestine)

  • Examination of Chronic Abdomen

Guda Vikara (Diseases of Rectum and Anal Canal)

  • Examination of a Sinus or Fistula and Hands-on training on Simulators
  • Examination of Rectal case and Hands-on training on Simulators

Udarabhighata (Abdominal Injuries)

  • Examination of Abdominal Injuries

Yakrit Vikara (Diseases of Liver)

  • Demonstration of Surgical anatomy of the liver, Acute Liver Injury in patients, or simulator
  • Demonstration of Diagnosis & Management of Surgical Jaundice with ERCP on patients /simulator
  • Examination of Hepatomegaly & PAIR in Liver Abscess and Hands-on Practice
  • Demonstration of Paracentesis inpatient or simulator
  • Surgical management of Portal Hypertension

Pittashaya Vikara (Diseases of Gall Bladder)

  • MRCP & ERCP Demonstration
  • Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis Examination
  • Case taking and examination of cholecystitis on the patients
  • Case presentation of Carcinoma of Gall Bladder

Agnyashaya Vikara (Diseases of Pancreas)

  • Demonstration of Pseudo Pancreatic cyst on patient or simulator
  • Case taking of Pancreatitis with effective communication skills
  • Case presentation of Neoplasm of Pancreas and its management

Pleeha Vikara (Diseases of Spleen)

  • Case presentation of the Splenic Rupture & Splenomegaly on the patients or simulator

Vrikka Evam Mutravahini Vikara (Diseases of Kidney and Ureters)

  • Case presentation on CKD, Perinephric Abscess & Renal Calculus on patients, or simulator

Mutrashaya Vikara (Diseases of Urinary bladder)

  • Examination of Urinary System Disorders
  • Suprapubic catheterization, Cystoscopy, PCNL,& ESWL on patients or simulators

Mutraghata and Mutrakrichra

  • Demonstration of Uttarabasti procedure for Urethral Stricture / BPH with Indication, contraindication, and precautions

Paurusha Granthi Vikara (Diseases of Prostate)

  • Demonstration of BPH, Prostatitis, and Prostatic Abscess on patients or simulators
  • Procedure of TURP on the patients or simulators

Medhra Vikara (Diseases of Penis)

  • Examination of Male External Genitalia

Mushka Evum Vrishan Vikara (Diseases of Scrotum and Testis)

  • Examination of Scrotal Swelling
  • Examination of Swelling in the Inguino scrotal region (Except Inguinal and Femoral Hernia)

Vriddhi Roga

  • Examination of Hydrocele

Antravriddhi (Hernia)

  • Examination of Inguinal Hernia
  • Examination of Umbilical Hernia and Incisional Hernia

Non-Lecture Activities (Theory)

57 non-lecture theory activities — seminars, case discussions, projects and similar — are listed topic-wise.

Introduction to Shalya Tantra (Introduction to development of surgery)

  • History of surgery

Nirjantukarana (Sterilization)

  • Vranitagara

Sangyaharana (Anaesthesia)

  • Preoperative assessment
  • Safe General Surgery

Trividha Karma (Pre, Operative and Post Operative care)

  • Informed consent in a simulated environment

Kshara Karma

  • Demonstration of Kshar & Kshara Sutra – Preparation, and Method of Application
  • Ksharsutra changing

Bandha Vidhi

  • Training of Bandaging on Simulators with relevant modern techniques

Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance and Nutrition in surgical practice

  • Electrolyte loss

Rakta

  • Describe Rakta stambhana and methodsof Haemostasis
  • Describe Blood Transfusion – Blood groups, Compatibility, Indications, Contraindications, Complications, Management. along with Component therapy

Samanya Vyadhi Parichaya

  • Vranashotha-Nirukti, Nidana, Samprapti, Prakara, Lakshana, Sadhya-asadhyata, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Explain etiopathogenesis, types, Clinical Features, Investigations, Differential Diagnosis, complications and management of Kotha (Gangrene)
  • Definition, Classification, Clinical features, Complications of Tumour

Vrana

  • Sadhyovrana -(Traumatic wounds) – Nidana, Prakara, Lakshana, Upadrava and Chikitsa
  • Surgical site infection

Manya Vikara

  • Thyroid gland - anatomy & physiology
  • Toxic goiter, Thyroiditis
  • Neoplasm of Galaganda (thyroid) -Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshana and Chikitsa

Sira Vikara (Venous Disorders)

  • Surgical Anatomy & Surgical Pathology

Bhagna (Skeletal Injuries)

  • Fracture of scapula & clavicle
  • Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications, and Management of Femur & Patella
  • Clinical features, Diagnosis, Complications, and Management of Tibia and Pelvic bones
  • Dislocation of joints
  • Management of Shoulder & Elbow Dislocation

Asthi Sandhi Vikara (Diseases of Bone and Joints)

  • Diagnosis, Treatment & Complications of Cysts, Tumours of bones
  • Osteoporosis and Paget's disease

Shirobhighata (Cranio-cerebral Injurie/Disorders)

  • Brain tumours and their management

Kasheruka Vikara (Diseases of Spine)

  • Ankylosing Spondylitis

Stana Roga (Diseases of Breast)

  • Sthana Vidradhi - Breast abscess
  • Fibroadenoma and Fibroadenosis

Urah Vikara (Diseases of Chest)

  • Examination of Pleurisy, Pleural Abscess, Pleural Effusion, Tumours of the Lung

Anna Nalika Vikara (Diseases of Oesophagus)

  • Examination of Oesophageal Varices

Udara Roga

  • Examination of Ascites
  • Examination of Peritonitis

Aamashaya Evam Adho-Aamashaya Vikara (Diseases of Stomach and Duodenum)

  • Examination of Pyloric Stenosis

Kshudrantra Vikara (Diseases of Small Intestine)

  • Demonstration of Blind loop syndrome, Short Bowel Syndrome & Typhoid Enteritis
  • Examination of Intussusception

Brihadantra Vikara (Diseases of Large Intestine)

  • Diagnosis of Carcinoma of Colon

Guda Vikara (Diseases of Rectum and Anal Canal)

  • Surgical Anatomy & physiology of Ano Rectal Conditions
  • Examination of Anorectal Abscesses (Guda Vidradhi) and Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano)
  • Examination of Fissure in Ano (Parikartika)
  • Examination of Pilonidal Sinus, Proctitis, Pruritis Ani & Injuries of Anorectal region

Yakrit Vikara (Diseases of Liver)

  • Examination of the case of Acute Liver Injury

Pittashaya Vikara (Diseases of Gall Bladder)

  • Surgical anatomy of Gall Bladder, congenital anomalies of Gall Bladder & Basic Investigations

Agnyashaya Vikara (Diseases of Pancreas)

  • Surgical Anatomy & physiology, Congenital Anomalies of Pancreas

Vrikka Evam Mutravahini Vikara (Diseases of Kidney and Ureters)

  • Congenital anomalies of Kidney, Ureter & Polycystic Kidney discussion
  • Demonstration of Injuries to the Kidneys And Ureters
  • Ureteral Stone examination

Mutrashaya Vikara (Diseases of Urinary bladder)

  • Surgical Anatomy of Bladder & Congenital Anomalies of Blader
  • Demonstration of Haematuria, Anuria-An evaluation

Paurusha Granthi Vikara (Diseases of Prostate)

  • Surgical anatomy and physiology of Prostate gland

Mutramarga Vikara (Diseases of Urethra)

  • Case Presentation of Urethritis

Medhra Vikara (Diseases of Penis)

  • Examination of Ectopia Vesicae & Balanoposthitis
  • Examination of Carcinoma of the Penis, Peyronie’s Disease & Granuloma Inguinale

Antravriddhi (Hernia)

  • Examination of Femoral Hernia
  • Examination of Epigastric Hernia, Umbilical Hernia, and Paraumbilical Hernia

Shalya Tantra Assessment Pattern and Marks

Papers and Marks Distribution

PapersTheoryPracticalVivaElectiveInternal AssessmentTotal
220010070—30400

Theory carries 200 marks and the practical/clinical assessment (practical, viva, elective and internal assessment) carries 200 marks, for a total of 400 marks.

Theory Question Paper Pattern (per paper)

Question TypeQuestionsMarks EachTotal
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)20120
Short Answer Questions (SAQ)8540
Long Answer Questions (LAQ)41040

Distribution of Practical Exam

HeadsMarks
Spotting (Instruments, X-ray and Drugs etc) - 5 spots 4 marks each.20
Clinical case taking (One case)30
Demonstration of procedures: Demonstration of surgical and parasurgical40
Records10
Viva Voce70
Marks of Internal assessment30
Total200

Topic-wise learning objectives — with domain, must/desirable/nice-to-know level, teaching–learning methods and assessment methods — are tabulated in Table 3 of the NCISM document. Open pages 27–229

Shalya Tantra Reference Books

59 books and resources are recommended in the NCISM AyUG-ST curriculum (PDF page 248).

  1. Chakrapani. Charak Samhita - Chakrapani Tika. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2000
  2. Dalhan. Sushrut Samhita - Nibandhsangraha - Dalhan Tika. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2005
  3. Arundatta. AshtangSamgraha - Arundatta Tika. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2004
  4. Ambikadatta Shastri. Sushrut Samhita - Dr.Ambikadatta Shastri. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Publication; 2002
  5. Mukhopadhyaya GN. The Surgical Instruments of the Hindus. 1st ed. New Delhi: MaherchandLachamandas; 1998
  6. Verma MS. Shalya Pradeepika. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2007
  7. RN. Soushruti. 1st ed. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaAmarbharati Prakashan; 2003
  8. Sharma SK, Sharma KR, Singh K. Kshara Sutra Management in Anorectal Ailments. 1st ed. New Delhi: Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth; 2012
  9. Sizoria D, Choudhary PK. Anorectal Diseases in Ayurveda. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2008
  10. Udupa NN. Adhunika Shalya Chikitsa Siddhanta. 1st ed. New Delhi: Ayurvedika Evam Tibbi Academy; 2011
  11. Gupta PD. Agnikarma Technology Innovation. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2015
  12. Takral KK. Shalya Tantra Ke Siddhant. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2014
  13. Kumar PH. Recent Advances in the Management of Arshas / Haemorrhoids. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Publication; 2016
  14. Vyas KP. Arsha EvumBhagander Mein Sutra Avacharan. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2013
  15. Rao MB. Recent Advances in Kshara Sutra. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2015
  16. Rao MB. Leech Application in Ayurveda. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2017
  17. Joshi SG. Shalya Shalakya Tantra. 1st ed. Varanasi: Atreya Prakashan; 2012
  18. Pande DN. Surgical Ethics of Ayurveda. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2011
  19. Sabiston. Text Book of Surgery - Sabiston. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012
  20. Dudley H, Crter D, Russell RCG, editors. Operative Surgery - Rob and Smith. 9th ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000
  21. Williams NS, Mann CV, Russell RCG. Bailey and Love’s Short Practice of Surgery. 25th ed. London: Hodder & Stoughton; 2014
  22. Watson-Jones. Fractures and Joint Injuries. 7th ed. London: B I Publications; 2006
  23. Farquharson M. Textbooks of Operative General Surgery. 4th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2010
  24. Schwartz. Principles of Surgery. Vol. 1 & 2. 10th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2014
  25. Bailey H. Emergency Surgery. 16th ed. London: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2010
  26. Worth W. Surgical Pathology. 1st ed. London: Elsevier; 2012
  27. Das S. Clinical Methods in Surgery. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2005
  28. Das S. Textbook of Operative Surgery. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2008
  29. Sharma A. Shalya Vigyan (Sachitra). 1st ed. Varanasi: ChaukhambaSurbharati Prakashan; 2011
  30. Pande DN. Anushastra Karma. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2010
  31. Singh L. Concept of Vrana in Ayurveda. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2008
  32. Singh L. Significance for Poorva Karma in Surgical Patients. 1st ed. New Delhi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2009
  33. Pande DN. Sangyaharan Prakash. 1st ed. Varanasi: Padmaja Prakashana; 2011
  34. Das S. A Concise Textbook of Surgery. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2010
  35. Das S. A Manual on Clinical Surgery. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2012
  36. Patel TN. A System of Surgical Diagnosis. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007
  37. Das S. A Practical Guide to Operative Surgery. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2015
  38. Kumar A. Drugs and Equipment for Anaesthesia. 1st ed. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2014
  39. Kapur MM. Manual of Surgical Instruments. 1st ed. New Delhi: B I Publications; 2011
  40. Patel MB. Ward Procedures. 1st ed. London: Elsevier; 2015
  41. King M. Primary Anaesthesia. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006
  42. Lee. Synopsis of Anaesthesia. 1st ed. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd; 2005
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Download Shalya Tantra Syllabus PDF

The syllabus on this page is taken from the official NCISM curriculum document. Download the PDF for the complete learning objectives, activity details, question paper blueprint and practical examination guidelines.

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Shalya Tantra Syllabus FAQs

Shalya Tantra (General Surgery) has the NCISM subject code AyUG-ST. It is a Third Professional BAMS (III BAMS) subject, and the curriculum is applicable from 2021-22 batch, from the academic year 2024-25 onwards for 5 batches or until further notification by NCISM, whichever is earlier.

It has 2 theory papers carrying 200 marks and a practical/clinical assessment of 200 marks (100 practical, 70 viva and 30 internal assessment), for a total of 400 marks.

The NCISM curriculum allots Shalya Tantra 375 teaching hours: 125 lecture hours, 58 non-lecture theory hours and 192 non-lecture practical hours.

Paper I (Fundamentals of Shalya Tantra) has 26 topics, including Introduction to Shalya Tantra (Introduction to development of surgery), Yantra and Shastra (Blunt and sharp instruments), Nirjantukarana (Sterilization), Sangyaharana (Anaesthesia), Trividha Karma (Pre, Operative and Post Operative care) and Shastra Karma (Operative procedure). Paper II (Shalya Tantra Chikitsa Siddhanta) has 28 topics, including Bhagna (Skeletal Injuries), Asthi Sandhi Vikara (Diseases of Bone and Joints), Shirobhighata (Cranio-cerebral Injurie/Disorders), Kasheruka Vikara (Diseases of Spine), Stana Roga (Diseases of Breast) and Urah Vikara (Diseases of Chest).

The NCISM curriculum lists 59 reference books and resources for Shalya Tantra. The complete list is given in the Reference Books section of this page.

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